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The historical, theoretical and methodological principles of scientific knowledge of the anthropological code of Ukrainian culture and civilization, their originality and mystery, at the epicentre of which is Human as a unique and highest value, are clarified. Its essence is revealed as a set of images, means of biological and sociocultural nature, associated with a set of stereotypes of consciousness of an individual or group of people, which are expressed in archetypes, mentality, intellectual, moral and material life, political and social organization of society, its culture and civilization, the transit nature and ability to be inherited. The content and functions of the anthropological code of culture and civilization at different stages of Ukrainian history - from ancient times to the present, as a system of values and types of human thinking, psychology and mentality, ways of perceiving values, intellectual and emotional understanding of the world, culture and civilization are analysed. The core of the anthropological code of culture is Human, and the anthropological code of civilization is Society. // Various theories of the loss of the value-semantic form of human existence in the context of globalization in the modern world, the paradigm of the "Russian world", the code of the so-called "all-Russian" culture, canonical territory, civilization, common roots, genetic and cultural development of Ukrainian and Russian peoples are refuted. The publication is intended for scholars and lectures of history, philosophy, cultural studies, political science, ethnology, teachers, graduate students and students, a wide range of people interested in anthropological understanding of Ukrainian culture and civilization.

Anthropology --- Civilization. --- Culture and cultural processes. --- Ethnology --- Ethnology --- National characteristics, Ukrainian. --- Ukrainians. --- Social aspects.

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The book examines two different types of Ukrainian national identity tentatively defined as «Ukrainian ethnocultural» («primordial») and «Ukrainian institutional» (determined by citizenship). The substantial differences between them had been informed historically, and involve today not only ideological but also axiological aspect. The identity split had seriously complicated Ukraine’s postcommunist transformation in 1991-2013, and dramatically weakened the society and the state against the Russian aggression in 2014. The process of consolidation of Ukrainian nation that got going in the past few years, is still far from completion. The promotion of modern civic identity based on the so-called «European values» is considered as the optimal way to abate the existing dichotomy and reduce social ambivalence.

Ethnology --- National characteristics, Ukrainian. --- Political participation. --- Ukrainians --- Social aspects. --- Ethnic identity. --- Ukraine --- Politics and government.